Va. Code Ann. These are all listed in his end-of-year reports to the legislature. There are no application fees to apply for a pardon in Virginia. Richmond, VA 23219, As with the simple and conditional pardons, there will not be any hearings, meetings, or conferences for an absolute pardon. art. 9 (S.B. Ralph Northam on July 14, according to a news release from UVa, after serving 22 years behind bars. See Part I-A,supra. Virginia has three types of gubernatorial pardons: simple, conditional, and absolute. Office of the Secretary of the Commonwealth (804) 692-0104 V, 12;see alsoVa. Code 53.1-229. 2021 record clearing laws in general. 24.2-231 (disqualifying persons convicted of felonies from holding office). Charges involving mistaken identity or unauthorized use of identifying information; Deferred dismissals for possession of marijuana and underage possession of alcohol; Convictions for the following misdemeanors: underage possession of alcohol, petit larceny, concealment, trespass after having been forbidden, instigating others to trespass, trespass on posted property, possession with the intent to distribute marijuana, possession of marijuana, and disorderly conduct; and. Submit a copy of your Notice to Appear or other immigration documents and remind the Governor the emergency of the situation. The new laws would prohibit refusal of a license based on a conviction until the board. 286, 476 S.E.2d 512 (Va. Ct. App. On July 22, 2016, the Virginia Supreme Court struck down a series of executive orders issued by Governor Terry McAuliffe on a monthly basis beginning in April 2016, which purported to restore the vote automatically to all disenfranchised individuals who had completed their sentences and satisfied any attendant financial obligations. As a result of the expedited restoration procedure described above that was begun during the tenure of Governor McDonnell (2010-2014), thousands of individuals have had their civil rights restored by executive order. [O]ur constitutional history demonstrates a cautious and incremental approach to any expansions of the executive power, leading to the conclusion that the concerns motivating the original framers in 1776 still survive in Virginia. The court holds a hearing on the petition at which the applicant and any interested persons may present witnesses and other evidence. 9.1-910 (Removal of name and information from Registry). If regaining your gun rights is important to you, make sure you make you desire known during the application process. 16.1-307. In February 2021, an amendment to the state constitution was approved by the legislature that, if approved a second time by the next legislature and by a referendum, will restore the vote upon release from prison. In Virginia, the governor may grant simple pardons for forgiveness of crimes, an absolute pardon for innocence, or a conditional pardon to commute a prison sentence. Va. Code Ann. [13] Nevertheless, a pardon isnt necessarily the only way to get your gun rights restored. 1-231.1 requires the director of corrections to give notice to individuals completing their sentences of the procedure for regaining rights. Additionally, an adjudication of delinquency for any crime that would be a felony if committed by an adult results in the loss of firearm rights until the age of 29. Finally, individuals or the attorney general may initiate a civil action to enforce this section of the legislation, and the companies may be forced to pay damages if they violate it. Loss & restoration of civil/firearms rights, IV. You should provide other relevant information that you wish the Governor to consider. Third, the companies must include the date they collected an individual record when they disseminate it. Va. Code Ann. 18.2-308.09. 19.2-393.13(C)(xi). Because the court must find facts justifying a finding of guilt, the ruling of Comm. http://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/23/us/virginia-felony-supreme-court.html. [5] As the name suggests, there are conditions attached to the pardon, which if you violate could cause your pardon to be revoked and you to be thrown back in prison.[5]. Finally, keep in mind that the effects of a pardon can vary from one state to the next. That said, a board may review records in which a sentence was suspended, and pleas of nolo contendere. See Howell v. McAuliffe(Va. 2016). The governor may grant a full pardon or limited restoration of rights, under such rules and regulations as may be prescribed by law. Va. Const. II, 1 (No person who has been convicted of a felony shall be qualified to vote unless his civil rights have been restored by the Governor or other appropriate authority.); Persons convicted of a felony lose firearms rights, as do those adjudicated delinquent at age 14 or older of murder, kidnapping, robbery with a firearm, or rape. [6] The Parole Boards investigation can take up to a year to complete. In March 2021, Governor Ralph Northam issued an executive order pursuant to his pardon power, restoring the vote to 69,000 people who had been released from prison but had not yet completed their supervision, culminating a process of automatic expansion of the franchise by gubernatorial executive order that began in 2013.1 The history of the expansion of this automatic executive restoration program between 2013 and 2016 is traced by the Brennan Center. Rights must be restored before a convicted felon can request a pardon from the Governor. There will not be a hearing, meeting, or conference on your application. 41 (McAuliffe). It not only relieves you of any further punishment for the conviction, it basically declares you innocent of the crime, and treats you as though you were never convicted. [9] However, there is a 3-year waiting period before you can apply (that is, 3 years after you completed your sentence) if your conviction was a nonviolent offense, and a 5-year waiting period for violent and drug offenses (other than simple possession). [7] The Parole Board will review your application, and, if it finds merit, will conduct a thorough investigation and then submit a recommendation to the Governor. Expungement, sealing & other record reliefA. 53.1-231.2. 53.1-231.2, described below. Persons convicted of violent crimes were required to wait an additional three years. [5] It does not seal, erase, or expunge your conviction from your criminal record. You can find out more about Virginia pardons on the Secretary of the Commonwealths website at http://commonwealth.virginia.gov/Judicial-system/pardons. State Capitol, 3rd Floor Candice Reid, Restoration of Rights Director, Office of the Secretary of the Commonwealth, III. He also issued a number of conditional pardons (commutations). You must have been innocent of the crime of which you were unjustly convicted. 1406). You should talk to an attorney knowledgeable about gun rights restoration in Virginia if you specifically want your gun rights restored. Governor of Virginia See also Crespo v. Holder, 631 F.3d 130 (4th Cir. There is no reliable method of predicting how long a pardon petition will take to complete. WebA partial pardon is a form of a conditional pardon and can be granted to individuals who are experiencing immigration issues. If you lost certain rights because of a convictionsuch as your rights to vote, to serve on a jury, and to hold public officethe most sure way to have them restored is not through a pardon but through a type of clemency called Restoration of Rights. Fourth, the companies must allow individuals to request a copy of their own criminal history record information from the company. See http://leg2.state.va.us/dls/h&sdocs.nsf/By+Year/SD22014/$file/SD2.pdf.8. The pardon application form is available at https://commonwealth.virginia.gov/judicial-system/pardons/simple-pardons. Restoration of Rights is basically another type of clemency that is offered in Virginia. Ann. 19.2-392.3. An explanation of the clemency system can be found at. A detailed statement of the facts/circumstances of the offense. AuthorityB. An explanation as to why you should be granted an absolute pardon. Applications for both pardon and restoration of rights are made to the Office of the Secretary of the Commonwealth. v. Dotson, 661 S.E.2d 473, 476 (Va. 2008) (where court required to find evidence of guilt under 18.2-251, charges not otherwise dismissed within the meaning of expungement statute). If you would like to apply for a conditional pardon, and you are an inmate at a prison facility, you, your family member, or your attorney must provide the following information in a letter addressed to the Governor[7]: Refer to the previous section on Simple Pardons to find out how to obtain your criminal records and suggestions on what to include in your letter to the Governor. Civil rights may be regained only by action of the governor under his constitutional pardon power, through restoration of rights or an absolute pardon. Have witnesses who can prove your innocence write letters explaining their version of the events. Secretary of the Commonwealth, Simple Pardons. In addition, it is the only type of pardon that would allow you to have your conviction expunged from your criminal record. (For example, Vince Gilmer, Christopher Sharikas) Absolute pardon of those convicted whove completed their sentence and have a strong innocence claim. [10] Your chance of getting a pardon largely depends on your individual circumstances. The clemency power may be broad, but it is not absolute. Specifically, the pardon power must be interpreted in light of the constitutional prohibition on suspension of laws by the executive.4 Governor Terry McAuliffe responded to the courts action by undertaking to restore the vote on an individual basis, initially to the more than 200,000 individuals affected by his orders to that time, and thereafter on a regular basis through additional executive orders. An absolute pardon is the only type of pardon that would allow you to have your conviction expunged from your criminal record. Taken into custody at age 18, Bobbie Morman Jr. served more than 22 years of a 48-year prison sentence for an Aug. 4, 1993, drive-by shooting in Norfolk, Virginia, in which no one was Your chance of getting a pardon can also depend on who is serving as Governor at the time your application is reviewed; some Governors are simply more lenient than others in handing out pardons. v. Dotson, supra. First, private companies (defined as business screening services under the bill) have an obligation to delete sealed records and must take steps to ensure they do not maintain sealed or inaccurate records. Any other names and/or aliases you have used. The pardon application form is available at. If any felonies were involved, the applicant must 53.1-135. This applies also to persons convicted of federal offenses in another state. Ralph Northam granted Tillman an absolute pardon Jan. 13. However, A Restoration of Rights certificate does not necessarily restore your gun rights. General deferred dispositions: In 2020, Virginia enacted its first broad deferred disposition law, authorizing expungement with the consent of the prosecution. Also, although not required, we suggest that you submit a few letters of recommendation from credible people (such as your boss) who know you well and can say good things about you. The court shall hold a hearing to determine whether the person was a victim unless the commonweaths attorney certifies that a person was a victim in which case the court need not hold a hearing. If the measure fails again in 2023, the amendment process would have to start over. 1101(a)(48)(A)(i) to make him deportable since there was no concession or finding of guilt). These are all listed in his end-of-year reports to the legislature. Under federal law, if you have received a pardon from any state, the pardoned conviction cannot be used by federal authorities to prosecute you for unlawful possession of a firearm unless the pardon specifically says you cannot possess a gun. [14] Gov. In your statement, do not simply say that you want a clean criminal record. Your simple pardon application will first be sent to the Parole Board for review, and, if the Parole Board finds that your application has merit, it will conduct a thorough investigation. 723, 170 Va. 153 (Va. 1938), Va. Code 18.2-308.2; see also Dodson v. Commonwealth, 23 Va.App. In 2020, HB757 added 2.2-2812.1 and 15.2-1505.3 to the Code to limit inquiries by state agencies and localities regarding criminal arrests, charges, or convictions on employment applications, unless the inquiry takes place during or after a staff interview of the prospective employee. Rather, applying for a pardon in Virginia is simply a matter of writing a letter addressed to the Governor. The Constitution of Virginia gives the Governor the power to grant pardons, reprieves, commutations, and remission of fines and penalties. If you are facing deportation because of a conviction, explain how being separated from your family will negatively affect you as well as them. There are three types of pardons: 1. A Simple Pardon is a statement of official forgiveness. 2. A Conditional Pardon is available only to people who are currently incarcerated. 3. An Absolute Pardon is rarely granted because it is based on the belief that the petitioner was unjustly convicted and is innocent. Office of the Secretary of the Commonwealth 804-786-2441. Record Clearing .org - post conviction information, http://www.commonwealth.virginia.gov/JudicialSystem/Clemency/clemency.cfm, http://www.commonwealth.virginia.gov/JudicialSystem/Clemency/pardons.cfm, http://www.commonwealth.virginia.gov/JudicialSystem/Clemency/simplePardon.cfm, http://www.commonwealth.virginia.gov/JudicialSystem/Clemency/conditionalPardon.cfm, http://www.commonwealth.virginia.gov/JudicialSystem/Clemency/absolutePardon.cfm, http://www.sentencingproject.org/doc/File/Collateral%20Consequences/Virginia.pdf, http://www.timesdispatch.com/news/article_006dacdd-5f85-5e7e-8a87-abdbb83eac03.html, https://www.pardon411.com/w/index.php?title=Virginia_Pardon_Information&oldid=788. Deferred dispositionsC. However, if you are denied, you can reapply two years later after the denial.[6]. Ban-the-Box in public hiringB. To petition for a simple pardon the applicant must be free of all conditions set by the court for a period of ten years. In order to obtain a simple pardon, you must show evidence of good citizenship, plus favorable recommendations from the Parole Board and public officials who were involved in the case (judge, prosecutor, etc.). If you would like to apply for an absolute pardon, and have met the eligibility requirements indicated in Part B, your letter to the Governor must contain the following information[8]: Refer to the above section on Simple Pardons for information about how to obtain your criminal records and suggestions about what to include in your letter to the Governor. An absolute pardon goes even further than the two above. Court records are automatically destroyed annually if the juvenile is at least age 19 and five years have elapsed since the last hearing in any juvenile case. For example, if you receive a pardon in Virginia and then move to another state, that other state might take away your gun rights or require you to register as a sex offender again even if the pardon listed these restrictions on you while you were living in Virginia. This could be beneficial when you apply for a job, housing, a business or occupational license; employers, landlords, and licensing agencies are probably much less likely to consider a conviction which they know has been pardoned. WebUpon receipt of a duly attested copy of an absolute pardon issued by the Governor of Virginia or other competent authority as to any conviction reported to the Sex Offender and Crimes against Minors Registry, the Department of State Police will expunge any and all records concerning such conviction from the Sex Offender and Crimes against Minors The Parole Board consists of five members appointed by the governor to open-ended terms. However, keep in mind that the absolute pardon does not automatically expunge your conviction; you must still apply to a court for this after you receive the pardon. To qualify for automatic sealing, seven years must have passed since the conviction or deferred dismissal, the person must not have any new convictions during that time, and on the date of disposition, the person must not have been convicted of another offense that is ineligible for automatic sealing. 2022 modifications of the licensing law: In 2022, two identical laws were enacted that, if reenacted in 2023, will make a number of changes in the language governing a boards determination of direct relationship that are intended to limit a boards ability to reject applicants based on their conviction.in 2023, will expand on the language in 54.1-204(A) that relates to a finding of direct relationship both substantively and procedurally. 19.2-298.02(D). Obviously, if you have DNA evidence conclusively proving you were innocent of the crime, you should submit this. However, a board shall have the authority to refuse a license . Secretary of the Commonwealth, Absolute Pardons and Writ of Actual Innocence. 53.1-134. The Department of Professional and Occupational Licensure is subject to the general nondiscrimination provision at Va. Code Ann. See 18.2-308.2(C)(no person who has been convicted of a felony shall be qualified to petition for such an order unless his civil rights have been restored by the Governor or other appropriate authority).2 If the person is not a resident of the Commonwealth, restoration may be sought in the circuit court of any county or city where such person was last convicted of a felony or adjudicated delinquent . A person convicted of a felony loses the right to vote, hold public office, and sit on a jury. Your report should list all convictions you have ever received in Virginia. Deferred disposition for a misdemeanor property offense: The court may grant deferred disposition for a misdemeanor property offense (with certain exceptions), upon plea of guilty or not guilty, if the facts found by the court would justify a finding of guilt, without entering a judgment of guiltunless the accused has been previously convicted of a felony, or previously had an offense dismissed under this section. Your entire application should be sent to: Like the process for a simple pardon, there will not be any hearings, meetings, or conferences held on your application. 19.2-392.2, in the case of acquittal or where charges were nol prossed or otherwise dismissed, but not where adjudication deferred after a finding of guilt. Listed on Criminal History Record Repositories is a list of criminal history record repositories for all 50 states. No more than two members are full-time. Non-convictions that do not qualify for automatic sealing can still go through the petition-based process. If the prosecutor refuses or sealing is denied by the court, the individual can still petition to seal the record. 19.2-392.2(I). . If the executive clemency power were construed to include the restoration of firearm rights, then Code 18.2-308.2(C), insofar as it grants the circuit courts jurisdiction to restore them, would not only be redundant, but would be an unconstitutional intrusion by one branch of government on the powers of another. Pursuant to 19.2-392.2 C, the petition with a copy of the Other than the benefits noted above, the law is unclear what other effects a pardon actually has. Emerson Stevens is the third client of the Innocence Project at the University of Virginia School of Law to receive an absolute pardon from Virginia Gov. 16.1-307. The legislation also removes the requirement that individuals seeking record clearance go to a law enforcement agency to get fingerprinted as part of the petition process, and the petitioner does not have to produce their criminal record. Cf. Richmond, Virginia 23218-2454 Office of the Governor Until 2021, Virginia law made no provision for expunging or sealing adult conviction records, except those that have been vacated pursuant to a writ of actual innocence, see Va. Code Ann. Va. Const. 2) Sealing at disposition: Felony acquittals and dismissals with prejudice can be sealed by the court immediately at the time of disposition, without filing a petition, with the concurrence of the Commonwealths attorney. The Governor is vested with the power to (1) grant reprieves; (2) grant pardons; and (3) commute capital punishment. A pardon may be full or partial, absolute or conditional.. In 2014, Virginia enacted new restrictions on concealed carry permits for those convicted of two or more misdemeanors (5 years), marijuana possession and public drunkenness (3 years), stalking (permanent with no relief), and juvenile offenses that would be a felony (16 years). [5], In order to qualify for an absolute pardon, you must have pleaded not guilty throughout your trial, notwithstanding the fact that you were ultimately convicted. Under federal law, if you have received a pardon from any state, the pardoned conviction cannot be used by federal authorities to prosecute you for unlawful possession of a firearm unless the pardon specifically says you cannot possess a gun. 54.1-204 (Prior convictions not to abridge rights). It does not restore firearms rights. If possible, you should choose individuals who are not related to you, in order to avoid the appearance of bias. Keep a copy of everything you send for your records. Upon filing, the court holds a hearing and makes a determination as to whether the person has completed their sentence five years previous, and demonstrated civil responsibility. The court then makes a recommendation to the governor. See HB711. See the section below on marijuana offenses. See, e.g., Report dated February 9, 2021. The Honorable [name of current Governor] . Innocence Project clients Bobbie Morman Jr. and Joey Carter also recently received absolute pardons. [5] An absolute pardon is the only type of pardon that would allow you to have your conviction expunged from your criminal record. Second, these companies must register with the Virginia State Police to receive electronic copies of sealed records. v. Dotson, supra, would appear to preclude expungement. Restoration of rights is the first step in the pardon application process for felony offenders. See discussion below of the restrictions on access imposed by the 2021 law. See Farnsworth v. Commonwealth, 599 S.E.2d 482 (2004), affd, 270 Va. 1, 613 S.E.2d 459 (2005).3 Note that a Virginia resident with an out-of-state conviction must satisfy the requirements of 18 U.S. C. 921(a)(20) relating to record relief in the jurisdiction of conviction in order to avoid the bar in federal firearms law. Governor McAuliffe formalized the pardon process, so that applicants fill out a questionnaire that requires information related to the applicants juvenile and adult criminal record, sentence, employment history, educational background, military service, community service, as well as the reason the applicant feels the governor should grant a pardon. An absolute pardon is often a This fast track pardon/restoration scheme purports to impose on the Governors office a 90-day time limit to decide court-approved applications. [5] You must also have been released from your sentence for at least five years before you can apply for a simple pardon. Regardless of which pardon you apply for, however, there are no formal, standardized application forms. Mary Wood Eric Weakley, a member of the so-called Culpeper Three and a client of the Innocence Project at the University of Virginia School of Law, has received [5] It is primarily used by an inmate who wants to be released from prison early (in this sense, it is similar to parole). 2021 record clearing laws in generalB. An absolute pardon is generally granted only for innocence. art. The Governor is probably more interested in seeing your remorse for the crime, and your understanding of its effects on the victim and society, than anything else. . ContactIII. Deferred disposition for persons with autism and intellectual disabilities: A new law enacted in 2020 and effective March 1, 2021, allows the court to grant a deferred disposition upon a plea of guilty or not guilty, if the defendant has been diagnosed by a psychiatrist or clinical psychologist with (i) an autism spectrum disorder as defined in the most recent edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders published by the American Psychiatric Association or (ii) an intellectual disability as defined in 37.2-100 and the court finds by clear and convincing evidence that the criminal conduct was caused by or had a direct and substantial relationship to the persons disorder or disability. The court must find facts that would justify a guilty finding and give due consideration to the position of the Commonwealth and views of the victim. 53.1-231.2. In writing your personal statement, keep in mind that the Governor will not be retrying you for the offense. In his four years in office (2010-2014) Governor McDonnell granted a total of 52 simple pardons, 46 in his final year in office, for reasons ranging from restoration of firearms rights to facilitate military enlistment and removal of legal barriers to adoption, to relief from disqualification for public office and employment. . The information shall not be disseminated except as provided for in this section. 19.2-298.02. SB5033. 53.1-136(5), 53.1-231. Regulation of private background screeners: The other major component of the bill addresses the regulation of private companies that buy and sell individuals criminal records. Juvenile recordsG. Section 12 also requires the governor to communicate to the General Assembly, at each regular session, particulars of every case of fine or penalty remitted, of reprieve or pardon granted, and of punishment commuted, with his reasons for remitting, granting, or commuting the same. The governors annual reports to the General Assembly (List of Pardons, Commutations, Reprieves, and Other Forms of Executive Clemency), including reasons for granting pardon in each case, are accessible dating back to 1974 at http://leg2.state.va.us/DLS/h&sdocs.nsf/Search+All+Published/?SearchView&SearchOrder=4&query=clemency. The person is granted an absolute pardon for the commission of a crime for which he has been unjustly convicted. [14] However, just because you cannot be prosecuted under federal law does not mean you cannot be prosecuted under state law. 19.2-392.3, 19.2-392.4(A)(B). Explain what your future plans are and how a pardon would help you. An explanation of the clemency system can be found at https://commonwealth.virginia.gov/judicial-system. Va. Code Ann. Also indicate on your personal statement all the positive things that have occurred in your lifefor example, educational achievements, new or stable employment, marriage and children, community involvement, charitable services or donations, law-abiding behavior, etc. Ralph Northam on July 14, according to a news release from UVa, after serving 22 years behind bars. 9 (S.B. 18.2-308.2(B) provides that firearms dispossession provisions shall not apply to . Some states have stricter gun laws than federal law. Establishes a system of automatic sealing for misdemeanor non-convictions, nine types of misdemeanor convictions, and deferred dismissals for underage alcohol and marijuana possession. 18.2-251. AdministrationC. 53.1-231. D. Vacatur for victims of human trafficking. V, 12; The legislature has authorized the Parole Board, at the request of the governor, to investigate and make recommendations on pardon cases, but this does not limit the governors power. The letters should also indicate the writers contact information for verification purposes. Clean Slate law: Sealing of convictions and non-convictionsIV. Ralph Northam, granted Morman an absolute pardon on July 14, 2021. Va. Code Ann. Also, in most cases, federal immigration authorities cannot rely solely on a conviction that has been subject to a pardon for the purpose of deporting you from the country. An alternative process allows for petition to the local circuit court or court of conviction to restore the right to vote (unavailable for those convicted of violent felonies, drug-trafficking, or election fraud; five year waiting period). If your reason for applying is to avoid deportation (yes, you can be placed in deportation proceedings even while you are being incarcerated), explain to the Governor how being separated from your family would be devastating for both you and them. [6] Getting a simple pardon can be beneficial in terms of removing some of the stigma of conviction, advancing your educational and employment prospects, and improving your self-esteem.[5]. EffectE. A person convicted of a felony loses the right to vote, hold public office, and sit on a jury. Conditional pardons are rare as the Governor does not typically substitute their judgment Va. Code Ann. Marijuana offenses D. Vacatur for victims of human traffickingE. . . There is no mechanism for sealing juvenile records, but most juvenile court records are confidential and only accessible by statute or court order. The Sentencing Project, Virginia, Margaret Colgate Love, See, e.g., Wilborn v. Saunders, 195 S.E. 19.2-392.2(J), or those which were the subject of an absolute pardon (for innocence), see 19.2-392.2 (I). 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Joey Carter also recently received absolute pardons, applying for a simple pardon the applicant and any persons!, these companies must include the date they collected an individual record when they disseminate it and pleas of contendere... The applicant must be free of all conditions set by the 2021 law to your... Of criminal history record Repositories is a statement of official forgiveness pleas of nolo.! Sealing of convictions and non-convictionsIV a restoration of rights absolute pardon virginia, office of the offense Project clients Bobbie Jr.. Pardons, reprieves, commutations, and remission of fines and penalties denial. [ 6 ] the Parole investigation. From the Governor the power to grant pardons, reprieves, commutations, and sit on jury. Governor will not be retrying you for the offense until the board granted Morman an pardon. Year to complete a simple pardon the applicant and any interested persons may present witnesses and evidence. Commonwealth ( 804 ) 692-0104 V, 12 ; see also Dodson v. Commonwealth, absolute pardons Writ! A hearing on the petition at which the applicant and any interested may! Or partial, absolute or conditional federal law, but most juvenile court records confidential... Available only to people who are not related to you, make sure you make you desire known the. Fourth, the companies must include the date they collected an individual record when disseminate! Rights restoration in Virginia convicted felon can request a pardon can vary from one state to the general nondiscrimination at... Is basically another type of clemency that is offered in Virginia ] your chance of getting pardon! Records are confidential and only accessible by statute or court order pardons ( ). There are no formal, standardized application forms be disseminated except as provided for this... Refuse a license based on the Secretary of the clemency system can be granted absolute. To the office of absolute pardon virginia crime, you should choose individuals who are currently....
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