Learn the signs and symptoms of gallbladder problems here. Questions or comments about our tests and resources? Alkaline Phosphatase, Serum Useful For Diagnosing and monitoring treatment of liver, bone, intestinal, and parathyroid diseases Method Name Colorimetric NY State Available Yes Reporting Name Alkaline Phosphatase, S Aliases Alkaline Phosphatase The ALP test results are presented as a reference range of values measures in enzyme units per liter (U/L) or microkatals per liter (kat/L). What is the range for alkaline phosphatase? They are an example of a healthy man of about 45 years old with no known disease and not taking any medication. . There are very few risks associated with having your blood drawn. A similar increase is seen in patients with advanced primary liver cancer or widespread secondary hepatic metastases. Mutua DN, Nyaga E, Njagi M, Orinda G. Liver function tests in normal pregnant women. Comment * document.getElementById("comment").setAttribute( "id", "a33f978dc4cc620bb3fe046565be12d1" );document.getElementById("a6cbe26769").setAttribute( "id", "comment" ); Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. The ALP isozyme test can distinguish between the bone and liver ALP. What is a normal alkaline phosphatase level by age? ALP values are higher in children because their bones are actively growing, while the ALP values increase during pregnancy in tandem with the development of the placenta and the approach of childbirth. An enzyme is a type of protein that catalyzes (causes or accelerates) chemical reactions in the body. Alkaline phosphatase may be raised in prostatic disease from liver or bone origin and/or reactivity from increased acid phosphatase levels seen in this condition. Learn more about the liver here. The blood sample is collected in a tube and analyzed by a laboratory. A glycoprotein that is found on the surface of osteoblasts, BAP reflects the biosynthetic activity of these bone-forming cells. Today, SelfDecode has helped over 100,000 people understand how to get healthier using their DNA and labs. The p-nitrophenol released is directly proportional to the catalytic alkaline phosphatase activity. ALP increase (greater than 2-fold the URV) can predict transplant-free survival rates of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. This is especially true with regards to liver diseases, in which the inflammation of the liver (referred to as hepatitis) will often manifest with jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes), fatigue, upper abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting, dark urine, and clay-colored stools. ALP values that fall outside these reference ranges are considered abnormal. . ALP is most abundant in the liver and bones, and high ALP levels may stem from a health problem in these areas. ALP tests play an important role in the diagnosis of liver disease. May include intervals based on age and sex when appropriate. Pernicious anemia in very few patients. Treating antibiotic-treated mice with intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP) before Salmonella and Clostridium infection protects the mice from the infection, suggesting that it helped to rapidly restore gut flora. To pinpoint the cause, the healthcare provider may also order blood tests to look for hormone imbalances (such as occurs thyroid or parathyroid disease), generalized inflammation and increased white blood cell counts (signs of infection), kidney enzyme abnormalities, and various tumor markers in the blood that suggest the presence of cancer. Permission is granted in perpetuity, without payment of license fees or royalties, to use, copy, or distribute the LOINC codes for any commercial or non-commercial purpose, subject to the terms under the license agreement found at https://loinc.org/license/. Stable Expression of the Alkaline Phosphatase Marker Gene by Neural Cells in Culture and after Transplantation into the CNS Using Cells Derived from a Transgenic Rat. Recommendations on measurement units - why and how. Having enough alkaline phosphatase may protect the kidneys and stop the gut from absorbing too much dietary fat. 2013;46:1197-1219, 4. You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our. Each 100 U/L of liver alkaline phosphatase contributes an additional 2.5 to 5.8 g/L to the bone specific alkaline phosphatase result. Do not use oxalate, EDTA, or citrate plasma. Intestinal alkaline phosphatase removes phosphate groups from toxic microbial molecules, such as leftover DNAs and parts of bad bacteria. ALP is produced mainly by the liver and bones but is also synthesized in smaller quantities by the intestines and kidneys. Panteghini M, Bais R: Serum enzymes. Both triglyceride and total cholesterol levels increased in parallel with alkaline phosphatase, so cholesterol levels are correlated with enzyme activity [6]. The alkaline phosphatase (ALP) level gives more information when it is studied along with the GGT (Gamma-glutamyltransferase) blood test: A low level of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in the blood may be due to: The following values are considered to be normal values: IMPORTANT: These levels are expressed in U/L. Values above 130 U/L are usually considered to be high. A rise in the alkaline phosphatase occurs with all forms of cholestasis, particularly with obstructive jaundice. . Additional information regarding LOINC codes can be found at LOINC.org, including the LOINC Manual, which can be downloaded at LOINC.org/downloads/files/LOINCManual.pdf. 8 Benefits of Intestinal Alkaline Phosphatase There are many types of alkaline phosphatase, but the type found in the gut has been most studied to date. Tietz NW, Rinker D, Shaw LM. A doctor may also order an ALP test if a person has symptoms of a bone disorder, such as: The ALP test can be part of screening. No conversion. Bottom number is diastolic pressure when heart is at rest. Philadelphia:WB Saunders Company, 1999; 676-684. If serial monitoring is required, please use the serial monitoring number 480004 to order. Other labs may consider the normal range to be 30120 IU/l. What causes a high level of ALP in a blood test? A doctor can also use ALP tests to monitor the progress of a persons condition. The LOINC codes are copyright 1994-2021, Regenstrief Institute, Inc. and the Logical Observation Identifiers Names and Codes (LOINC) Committee. These ranges were extrapolated from published ranges in the following references. Mice without intestinal alkaline phosphatase absorb fat very fast. 23rd ed. You may have to fast for 10 to 12 hours before the test. A normal level in the first trimester of pregnancy is between 17 to 88 U/L, the second trimester is between 25 to 126 U/L, and the third trimester is between 38 to 229 U/L. We report here the normal range of serum alkaline phophatase activity as measured by the method proposed by Hausamen et al. It is worth noting that a person may have elevated ALP levels but no underlying health problem. Discharge. Any duplication or distribution of the information contained herein is strictly prohibited. Learn about the types, causes, and treatment of bone cancer. This typically takes 1 to 2 days. Some major functions include protecting your intestinal tract against bacteria, aiding in digestion, breaking down fats and some B vitamins, and promoting bone formation [1]. In mice, oral supplementation with calf intestinal alkaline phosphatase during antibiotic treatment had fewer infections and a lower mortality rate compared to mice with no supplementation [12]. The information on this website has not been evaluated by the Food & Drug Administration or any other medical body. 5. An alkaline phosphatase level test (ALP test) measures the amount of alkaline phosphatase enzyme in your bloodstream. Clinical Enzymology. Hypervitaminosis D may cause elevations in alkaline phosphatase. Most of the time blood is drawn from a vein located on the inside of the elbow or the back of the hand. 2012;3(3):478-83. EJIFCC. Alkaline phosphatase: An overview. We do not aim to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any illness or disease. A person may have elevated liver enzymes if they have a condition that damages the liver. It is determined by measuring the increase in absorbance. The normal range of enzyme activity is reported in percentiles. 1. Alkaline phosphatase is an enzyme found throughout the body. The ALP test, which measures the amount of alkaline phosphatase in a sample of blood, is routinely ordered to help diagnose suspected diseases and is usually performed with other blood tests to help narrow down the possible causes. J Liver. Firefox. 2021 Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings and Lexi-Comp Inc. All Rights Reserved. [Clin. Serum ALP activity of intestinal origin occurs only in individuals of ABO blood type O or A. Accommodations. This may be true for people with type O or B blood, who tend to have high ALP levels for up to 12 hours after a fatty meal. A medical professional may have to do more tests to offer a diagnosis and treatment plan. There may be also slight differences in the normal levels, according to age, gender, race or ethnic origin, geographic region, diet, type of sample and other relevant status. A rise in the alkaline phosphatase occurs with all forms of cholestasis, particularly with obstructive jaundice. Your doctor may want to find the source of high ALP levels, or explain why ALP is low. These may vary, depending on the specifics of the test and any requirements from the laboratory. Sclerosing cholangitis (eg, with ulcerative colitis), although importantly, 3% of cases of symptomatic sclerosing cholangitis may have normal serum ALP.6 Endoscopic retrograde cholangiography might be considered then in patients with diseases known to be associated with primary sclerosing cholangitis and with appropriate symptomatology even though ALP level is normal. On their own, abnormal ALP values are not diagnostic but can provide a clue as to the underlying cause. Your doctor chooses follow-up tests based on your overall health and other test results on file. The treatment for abnormal ALP levels depends on the cause. Labs & Appointments Toggle Labs & Appointments, Billing & Insurance Toggle Billing & Insurance, Diseases & Conditions Toggle Diseases & Conditions, OnDemand Testing Toggle OnDemand Testing, Testing by Disease & Condition Toggle Testing by Disease & Condition, Testing & Services For Toggle Testing & Services For, Hospitals & Physician Systems Toggle Hospitals & Physician Systems, Managed Care Health Plans Toggle Managed Care Health Plans, Lab Data Integrations & Tools Toggle Lab Data Integrations & Tools, Employee Wellness & Testing Toggle Employee Wellness & Testing, Government & Education Toggle Government & Education, Therapeutic Indications Toggle Therapeutic Indications, Development Phase Toggle Development Phase, Compounds & Molecules Toggle Compounds & Molecules. Can Fatty Liver Disease Cause Sudden Death? Damage to these and other organs can trigger an increase of ALP in the bloodstream. ISBN: 978-93-5152-333-8. ALP is an enzyme found in your bloodstream. Chronic alcohol ingestion (in chronic alcoholism, alkaline phosphatase may be normal or increased, but often with high AST (SGOT) and/or high bilirubin and especially with high GT; MCV may be high). National Library of Medicine Sato K, Han DC, Fujii Y, Tsushima T, Shizume K. Thyroid hormone stimulates alkaline phosphatase activity in cultured rat osteoblastic cells (ROS 17/2.8) through 3,5,3-tri-iodo-L-thyronine nuclear receptors. Results: We created percentile charts for alkaline phosphatase activity in girls and boys from birth to 18 years which can be used as reference intervals. Additionally, data tables of age- and sex-specific percentile values allow the incorporation of these results into laboratory information systems. Low ALP can also indicate a rare condition called hypophosphatasia. Other labs may consider the normal range to be. Eur J Intern Med. A healthcare professional should provide any instructions ahead of time. 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